Games like Robot Island
Games like Robot Island include Lucy -The Eternity She Wished For-, Detroit: Become Human, FTL: Faster Than Light, Outer Wilds, and OPUS: Echo of Starsong - Full Bloom Edition. We matched them by the tags players give Robot Island on Steam (Indie, Robots, Visual Novel, Sci-fi, and Story Rich): closest matches first, and among equally close ones the better-known games.

Lucy -The Eternity She Wished For-
Shared: Visual Novel · Story Rich · Robots

Detroit: Become Human
Shared: Story Rich · Robots · Singleplayer

FTL: Faster Than Light
Shared: Indie · Sci-fi · Space

Outer Wilds
Shared: Space · Story Rich · Indie

OPUS: Echo of Starsong - Full Bloom Edition
Shared: Visual Novel · Story Rich · Indie

Starfield
Shared: Space · Sci-fi · Singleplayer

The Talos Principle
Shared: Sci-fi · Story Rich · Robots

Deliver Us The Moon
Shared: Indie · Sci-fi · Space

Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition
Shared: Story Rich · Sci-fi · Space

STEINS;GATE
Shared: Visual Novel · Story Rich · Sci-fi

The Invincible
Shared: Robots · Sci-fi · Space

Observation
Shared: Indie · Sci-fi · Space

Cosmoteer: Starship Architect & Commander
Shared: Sci-fi · Indie · Singleplayer

Deliver Us Mars
Shared: Sci-fi · Story Rich · Singleplayer

Analogue: A Hate Story
Shared: Indie · Visual Novel · Sci-fi

GNOSIA
Shared: Visual Novel · Story Rich · Sci-fi

Prey
Shared: Sci-fi · Space · Singleplayer

The Turing Test
Shared: Sci-fi · Space · Singleplayer

PRAGMATA
Shared: Sci-fi · Robots · Singleplayer

Milk outside a bag of milk outside a bag of milk
Shared: Visual Novel · Indie · Story Rich

OPUS: Rocket of Whispers
Shared: Indie · Visual Novel · Story Rich

Transistor
Shared: Indie · Story Rich · Sci-fi

The Uncertain: Last Quiet Day
Shared: Indie · Robots · Sci-fi