Games like Ostranauts
Games like Ostranauts include EVE Online, Kerbal Space Program, X4: Foundations, No Man's Sky, and Elite Dangerous. We matched them by the tags players give Ostranauts on Steam (Flight, Simulation, Space Sim, Sandbox, and Difficult): closest matches first, and among equally close ones the better-known games.

EVE Online
Shared: Space Sim · Simulation · Difficult

Kerbal Space Program
Shared: Simulation · Sandbox · Space

X4: Foundations
Shared: Simulation · Space Sim · Space

No Man's Sky
Shared: Space · Survival · Exploration

Elite Dangerous
Shared: Space Sim · Simulation · Space

Space Engineers
Shared: Sandbox · Simulation · Survival

Avorion
Shared: Sandbox · Space Sim · Flight

Empyrion - Galactic Survival
Shared: Simulation · Space · Survival

Kerbal Space Program 2
Shared: Sandbox · Space · Simulation

Kenshi
Shared: Sandbox · Survival · Simulation

Spaceflight Simulator
Shared: Space Sim · Sandbox · Simulation

Universe Sandbox
Shared: Simulation · Sandbox · Space Sim

Starminer
Shared: Space Sim · Sandbox · Space

Don't Starve Together
Shared: Survival · Sandbox · Difficult

Stormworks: Build and Rescue
Shared: Sandbox · Flight · Simulation

SpaceEngine
Shared: Sandbox · Space Sim · Space

SPORE™
Shared: Sandbox · Simulation · Space

FTL: Faster Than Light
Shared: Space · Difficult · Simulation

Core Keeper
Shared: Survival · Sandbox · Exploration

Reentry - A Space Flight Simulator
Shared: Simulation · Flight · Space Sim

Stardew Valley
Shared: Simulation · Sandbox · Life Sim

X Rebirth
Shared: Simulation · Space Sim · Space

The Long Dark
Shared: Survival · Exploration · Simulation

Don't Starve
Shared: Survival · Sandbox · Exploration