Games like CastleOn
Games like CastleOn include Stronghold Crusader HD (2012), Manor Lords, Frostpunk, Farthest Frontier, and Against the Storm. We matched them by the tags players give CastleOn on Steam (City Builder, Military, Colony Sim, War, and Resource Management): closest matches first, and among equally close ones the better-known games.

Stronghold Crusader HD (2012)
Shared: City Builder · Military · Colony Sim

Manor Lords
Shared: City Builder · Strategy · Base Building

Frostpunk
Shared: City Builder · Resource Management · Colony Sim

Farthest Frontier
Shared: City Builder · Resource Management · Medieval

Against the Storm
Shared: City Builder · Strategy · Base Building

Banished
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Strategy

Kingdoms and Castles
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Resource Management

Stronghold Crusader: Definitive Edition
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Strategy

Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition
Shared: Military · City Builder · Base Building

Prison Architect
Shared: Colony Sim · City Builder · Base Building

Foundation
Shared: City Builder · Medieval · Resource Management

Oxygen Not Included
Shared: Colony Sim · Resource Management · Base Building

Becastled
Shared: City Builder · Base Building · Medieval

Workers & Resources: Soviet Republic
Shared: City Builder · Strategy · Base Building

Empires of the Undergrowth
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Strategy

Stronghold: Warlords
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Military

Stronghold 2: Steam Edition
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Medieval

Ostriv
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Strategy

Norland
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Strategy

Life is Feudal: Forest Village
Shared: City Builder · Colony Sim · Resource Management

Cities: Skylines
Shared: City Builder · Building · Strategy

Stronghold: Definitive Edition
Shared: City Builder · Medieval · Strategy

Sid Meier's Civilization VII
Shared: City Builder · Military · Strategy

They Are Billions
Shared: Colony Sim · Base Building · City Builder